According to the measurement of the cutting weight and specification size on the drawing, and by selecting the appropriate material, it is precisely cut into certain physical round steel by the cutting machine.

2.2 Upsetting and Punching Forging

The billet undergoes initial forging under high-temperature heating in an electric furnace, initially forming a ring-shaped, cake-like protruding rough billet.

2.3 Perforation Processing

The hydraulic forging equipment is used to punch holes in the middle of the rough billet to form a “donut” -shaped initial billet, which is convenient for the subsequent process of threading the shaft.

2.4 Ring rolling forming

The initial billet is sent into the ring rolling mill. Through a specific die combination, under the action of radial and axial rolling forces, the metal flows along the circumferential direction, the diameter gradually increases, the wall thickness decreases, and the height is maintained or adjusted at the same time.

2.5 Rough machining of forging billets

The ring forgings should be roughly machined first to remove defective products and oxide scale, which is more conducive to the uniformity of the microstructure during heat treatment.

2.6 Heat Treatment

The ring parts after rough machining undergo precisely controlled heat treatment processes to obtain the required metal structure and mechanical properties.

2.7 Finishing

Finally, processes such as machining, gear shaping, gear hobbing and surface treatment are carried out to meet the final size and surface quality requirements.

Iii. Metal Materials for ring forging in rolling